Journal of Integral Sciences

Studies on Biosorption of Bromo Cresol Green Dye With Tamarind Sheels Powder and Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

A. I. Raju CH — 2025-04-30

Even while water sources may not be as harmful, a small coloration could make them unpalatable to consumers. The usage of synthetic dyes is rapidly increasing, which is the cause of this pollution. Since these pollutants degrade aquatic animals' natural environment, the optimum method for removing dyes and heavy metals is taken into consideration for the current study. In order to remove Bromocresol green dye from aqueous solutions, biosorption Tamarind shells powder is utilized. Agitation time, biosorbent size, pH, initial dye concentration, biosorbent dosage, and temperature are among the characteristics that were examined. Lagergren first order and pseudo second order models were included in the kinetic investigation. The study also covered isotherms such as Temkin, Freundlich, and Langmuir as well as thermodynamics. Regression analysis revealed that the experimental data was highly well-fitting and correlated.

A review on nano sponges: a versatile nanoparticle drug delivery system

Lakshmisavithri S — 2025-03-10

Nanotechnology is one of the most promising technologies of the 21 centuries. It is related to design characterization, production and applications of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at manometer scale. These nano particles are characterized by unique physical, optical and electrical features that are attractive for disciplines ranging from material science to biomedicine. So various nanoforms have been attempted as drug delivery systems. Nano sponges are novel class of hyper crosslinked polymer based colloidal drug carries with nanosized cavities to encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drug moieties. it has a backbone long length biodegradable polymer these polymer strands are mixed with small molecules called cross linkers that have an affinity certain portion of the polymer to form a spherical shape that has many packets or cavities where drugs can be stored. They can circumvent the various formulation challenges associated With poor water solubility, low bioavailability, targeting and controlled release of activities. In this present review various formulations additives like polymers, solvents and crosslinkers for the preparation of nano sponges, its advantages, characteristics, and various methods of preparations like melt method, emulsion solvent evaporation, emulsion solvent diffusion method, ultrasound assisted synthesis were studied.

Review on inguinal hernia in children

Nagalakshmaiah Yadavalli — 2025-04-25

Inguinal hernia is frequently diagnosed by clinical exam. Imaging tests are recommended in the absence of definitive signs or associated symptoms that indicate complications. Ultrasonography (US) is the most common method used for examination of the various types of hernias. Inguinal hernias are the most prevalent type of hernia. US (grayscale or color Doppler ultrasonography) are suggested for examining inguinal hernias. CT is used to differentiate inguinal and femoral hernia based on the correlation between the hernia sac and pubic tubercle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is favored for diagnosing occult inguinal hernias when there are constraints associated with US and computed tomography (CT); or a lack of definitive diagnostic results Inguinal hernia is an acquired or congenital condition wherein the abdominal cavity contents protrude into the inguinal canal. In men, the testes migrate from the abdomen into the scrotum through the inguinal canal. Thus, men (more than women) are more likely to develop an indirect inguinal hernia. An indirect hernia can occur congenitally. Indirect inguinal hernias present on the lateral side of the Hesselbach triangle and enter the inguinal canal through the deep or internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias constitute inguinal hernias that protrude through the Hesselbach triangle, remaining medial and caudal to the inguinal canal’s origin at the internal inguinal ring. These hernias are common in older males and carry a lower risk of strangulation. The characteristic sign of a direct hernia on CT is a lateral fat crescent.

Human Rights and Civil Liberties in India: An Analysis of the Role of Judiciary and Civil Society

Yamini Jyothsna K — 2025-04-08

The protection of human rights and civil liberties in India has evolved through a complex interplay between the judiciary, civil society, and the state. This paper examines the significant roles played by the Indian judiciary and civil society organizations in safeguarding human rights and promoting civil liberties. By analyzing landmark judicial decisions, the activism of civil society, and the challenges they face, the article provides insights into the current state of human rights in India and highlights areas for further improvement. Additionally, the interaction between these two entities demonstrates their critical roles in fostering a culture of rights in a diverse and pluralistic society.

Antiplatelet Therapy in Cardiovascular Diseases

Sai Krishna Chebrolu — 2025-04-30

Antiplatelet therapy is essential in preventing arterial blockages that can lead to serious conditions such as heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease. Traditionally, aspirin and clopidogrel have been the mainstays of treatment, but advancements have introduced more potent options like prasugrel, ticagrelor, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Researchers are also exploring newer agents-such as intravenous Conqueror and protease-activated receptor-1 antagonists-to further enhance treatment strategies. Each antiplatelet drug works differently. Aspirin prevents clot formation by blocking a key enzyme, while clopidogrel requires metabolic activation to become effective. Newer drugs like prasugrel and ticagrelor act faster and are often more effective, particularly in emergency situations. However, selecting the right therapy is complex and depends on several factors, including a patient’s genetics, which can influence both drug response and the risk of side effects. As the field evolves, newer medications are expanding the options for preventing blood clots while carefully balancing the risk of bleeding. Ongoing research remains crucial-not only to refine treatment strategies but also to explore aspirin’s emerging role in cancer prevention. Personalized therapy is the future, ensuring that patients receive the most effective and safest treatment based on their individual needs.