https://www.jisciences.com/index.php/journal <p>Journal of Integral Sciences(JIS) is an international, single blind peer-reviewed, open access journal that publish quarterly every year with high-quality papers in the fields of science and technology. These fields include all aspect of: Basic and applied Science (Biology, Molecular biology, Biotechnology, Chemistry, Physics, Biophysics, Geology, Astronomy, Mathematics, Statistics), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary medicine, Agricultural Sciences.</p> Journal of Integral Sciences en-US Journal of Integral Sciences 2581-5679 <p>Copyright © Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.</p> https://www.jisciences.com/index.php/journal/article/view/129 <p>Wall-climbing robots have a great deal of potential for checking, repairing and guarding vertical and inverted areas. Mostly of these robots faced challenges in slippage, mainly when they go over uneven or inclined walls. A new method is offered in this paper that combines rail tracking, magnetic adhesion of wheels and supporting inner tires to make sure wall climbing robots do not slip. The arrangement of joints makes it possible for the wheels to remain stable, have a better grip and make adjustments for carrying weight. There is a two-layered mechanism in the methodology where outer magnetic wheels stick to the steel rails while inner wheels are kept in the center and have constant contact by springs. Motor movement is controlled by a microcontroller and use Bluetooth to control the car remotely. Adhesion force, traction torque, relevant slippage measures and the required power were studied using different mathematical models. The models used to describe load balance, magnetic attraction and the movement of the plate during loading were all checked by running simulations in MATLAB, Solidworks and ANSYS. The prototype was constructed using fiber-reinforced plastic for car body, wheels which have permanent magnets and was tried out on surfaces that were horizontal, inclined and vertical. Results showed increased stability while moving horizontally and vertically, fewer accidents due to slipping and good load support. Rail-track designs offer a better, simpler and stronger way compared to adhesion approaches like suction and bio-adhesive systems. This research provides a useful way of moving in robotics that joins theory, making and usefulness in the real world</p> Josephine Jovinus Didas Li Rui Copyright (c) 2026 Josephine Jovinus Didas, Li Rui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2026-02-15 2026-02-15 1 6 https://www.jisciences.com/index.php/journal/article/view/130 <p>Clotrimazole is a widely used imidazole antifungal agent effective against dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds; however, conventional topical formulations often suffer from poor patient compliance and limited residence time at the site of action. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate a topical antifungal gel of clotrimazole using a combination of natural and synthetic excipients to enhance safety, spreadability, and drug release. Gels were prepared using natural gelling agents such as tragacanth and gelatin, along with polyethylene glycol 400, glycerin, aloe vera, vitamin E, and benzoic acid as a preservative. The formulations were evaluated for physicochemical properties including pH, spreadability, viscosity, washability, homogeneity, drug content, and in vitro drug release using simulated vaginal fluid. Among the prepared formulations, batch F2 demonstrated optimal spreadability, acceptable viscosity, and superior drug release characteristics. The results indicate that clotrimazole gel formulated with natural excipients can serve as a safe, effective, and patient-friendly topical antifungal delivery system.</p> Sushma K Rajender Reddy Karnekanti Teja Kumar Reddy Konatham Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2026-02-21 2026-02-21 7 11 10.37022/jis.v9i1.130