A review on ingested cyanide: risks, clinical presentation, diagnostics, and treatment challenges
Abstract
Ingestion is the predominant mode of exposure for cyanide, a metabolic toxin that is becoming a growing chemical hazard. Attacks on US soil as well as global food and water resources have been threatened by terrorist groups. Because of the special toxic kinetics and hazardous dynamics of oral cyanide, high dose exposures, severe symptoms, and a delayed onset of symptoms are typical outcomes. Many suicidal and homicidal deaths are caused by cyanide, one of the poisons with the fastest rate of action. Cyanide can be released by burning some natural materials, such wool and silk. In addition to addressing the dearth of quick diagnostics and effective therapies for mass casualty incidents, this review aims to assess the dangers associated with oral cyanide and its distinct hazardous kinetics. We will also go over the methods used currently to create novel treatments. Papers pertaining to risk, clinical presentation, diagnosis, existing therapy, and novel therapeutic approaches were cited in this study. In a mass casualty incident, first responders require new treatments designed for oral cyanide exposures that are safe, simple to administer, and expedient. In order to find an antidote that is quick to take effect, safe, efficient, and easy to administer, research is now underway.
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